Post by admin on Feb 3, 2004 13:06:08 GMT -5
Mand Rana (Mandu), Bhadar Staana (Satyana) etc.
The same names of the old towns and villages may be seen in the old Gurjar Desa (Present western rajasthan). By the above description I means to say: As the existing Gujrat in Mardan, Gujrat on Chenab, Gujrat in Muzaffar Garh, Gujrat- Saharanpur (1857), Gujar Dhar in Gwalior and Gujrat Kathiawar show the expansion of Gujar kingdom. Similarly, the existing towns Navrana, Kai Rana, Khand Rao Wali, Rana Majra, Tup Rana and Mand Rana are the contemporary evidences of the past that Rana, Rao, Rawal and Rawar etc were the title of the Gujars only.
In Gwalior, the Gujars have always been called as Rana. In the 15th Century A.D. there was Bagh Rao a Gujar of Gothan village (Ojha page 190). In Ain-e-Akhbari a list of all Rajput leaders is given but not a single one has been described as Rana or Rao. Only Mann Singh is written as Raja Man Singh, but the tittle Raja was not limited to the Rajput only. Birbal Brahman has also been mentioned as Raja Birbal (Tarikh-e-Farishata written in the time of Jahangir). There is no mention of a Rajput with a title of Rana or Rao. Only Partap is written as Rana Partap, but Rana Partap was not a Rajputra, he was a pure Gurjar belonging to Guhilot family. Gohilots were of shoot of maitrikas. The Maimatrias and Gohilots were undoubtedly Gurjars. Historians know that after the desctruction of the Royal Gohilot family of Chittor in 1330 A.D., the Gohilots of Sisod emerged in History and Hamir by force took over Chittor back from its new officer-in-charge of the foreign Muslims.
Hamir’s line was afterwards called Sisodia because Hamir came from Sisod. In his line Rana Pratap who died in 1596 A.D. was the last Gurjar. After his death the family was linked in materimonial relations with the Rajputs and now the family is known as Rajput. But it is not strange. One Abdul Ghafoor Khatana, a Gujar, became the Ruler of Swat in 19th Centry A.D. His sons surrounded on all sides by the Pathan Rulers were married in Pathan families and now the family is called Pathan (see Shahan-e-Gujar and Report on Tribes of Dir, Swat and Chitral by Captain A.H. MacMohan page 24).
Secondly, by the above facts, I mean to explain when the Gurjars, migrated, Brahman, Vaish and Sudras accompanied their Yajmans, in words of Honourable K.M. Munshi they were Gurjar Kshatriyas, Gurjar Brahman. Gurjar Vaish and Gurjar Sudras ie natives of Gurjar (country). But the Brahman, Vaish and Sudra were called simply Brahman, Visha Sudra. Similar position exists today also. There is a reference that the ruler of Bengal defeated Dravid. Hun and Gurjar. Mr K.M.Munshi says Dravid and Hun are the names of
tribes but Gurjar is the name of a country. Mr. Ojha proceeded a step further. Only one example is quoted here. In the old book Prithvi Raj Vijai, Sarg 5, verse 78 is given like this, Jigai Gurjar Karn tomashanv prapt Maalava.
N.B: The Book Tarikh-e-Landhora, in which there is mention of Mand Rana was written by Harnam Singh, Khatri of Landhora. He was married at Kai Rana. He was a Civil Engineer at Ajmer where the book was published in 1876 A.D.
In the old book Prithvi Raj Vijai, sarg 5 verse 78is given like this Jigai Gurjar Karn tomashanv Prapt Maalava.
Transilation word to word: Defeating Gurjar Karna victory obainted Maalava i.e. Malava obtained victory by defeating Gurjar Karn. But Mr. Ojha translateed the above verse in Hindi as Udayaditya ne Gujrat ke raja ko jita i.e. Udayaditya conquered Karn the King of Gujrat (see history of Rajputana in Hindi Page 215). Mr. Ojha is the historian of the Rrajputs. In the very beginning of his book the first para starts: “There were no Rajputs before 1300 A.D. the word Rajputs came into use as a community in Moghal Period”. “Then how can he call the rulers, who ruled before 1300 A.D. by the name Rajput. Honourable K. M. Munshi has called the rulers by Gurjar name who ruled 500 A.D. 1300 A.D.
After migration in new settlement the Brahmans, Vaishas and Sudras were given plots of land to construct their houses. The Brahman, as preceptor, also were given some agriculture land which are called Dodli. In the above-mentioned settlement the Chaurasi a whole village named Airiti was also bestowed to the headman of the Brahmans. In 15th century A.D. conversion to Islam ensued, eldest brother in every house became Muslim. The Brahmans were divided. The Muslim Gurjars gave Bohli land to their Brahmans,
even a whole village named Andi (Anandi) was bestowed to the headman of the Brahmans. Muslim Faqirs (Jogies) were also given some agriculture land called Milak. These Dohlis and Milaks stand as their property today. Though both the groups have been deserted during the early years of this century. In short these three classes never used the word Gurjar in their names, they were simply called and are still called Brahman, Vaish and Sudra. If any Brahman called himself Gurjar Brahaman, it only meant the preceptor of the Gurjars. The same position is in Rajasthan itself. Of this kind Gorkha, Maratha, Baluch and Pathan are living examples.
When foregin Muslims occupied the Sub-Continent, there was no seprate single Kshatriya class, it had already been spilt up into many communities such as Gurjar, Ahir, Dogar, Arora and Kambosh etc. So Rajput can claim to be Kshatriya only if he belongs to any one of these groups. Abul Fazal clearly says that there is no Khatri, but a tribe of this name has taken himself into other occupation. In Arabic script, the foreign Muslims always wrote the Kshtriya as Khatri and were misled.
The word Kshatriya is derived from Kshatan (In Persian Khushatn). Which means to beat (chhatna) the word Khatri is derived from Krishtan (In Persian Kishtan) which means to cultivate. Thus Kahatriya means a fighter and Khatri means a cultivator.
Rani Lakshmi Kumari, Chudawat who had been elected as member of Indian Parliament some years ago has written a long history of Rajasthan covering nearly 800 Pages. In a story of the 10th century A.D. she writes: Deva Narayan Gujjar collected the members of his scattered family in an Assembly Hall. One of his cousions sat on floor carpet, Deva Naryan called him, O brother that is the place of the Rajputs to sit on, come here near the throne. She thinks Gujrja a superior class to Rajputs.
Late Thakur Yashpal Singh, a Rajput and senior M. P. of India Parliament has rightly stated, since ancient times, the rule of western India has been connected with the
Gujars. In mediveal period some Gujar families were called Rajputs. The Rajputs and Ahir are the stars, whereas the Gurjar is the moon of the Kshastriya sky. It is beyoned human power to lessen the dignity of the Gurjars. (Perface Gurjar Itihas written by Yatindra Kumar Verma). No doubt the Gurjars, Rajputs and Ahirs are kith and kin.
(c) perspective view of Gurjar History:
In some Puranas a Kshatriya group has been described by the name of Gushavar (master of the enemy). Prakrit form of this word is Gurshar as Ishar = Isar, Sanskrit with Prakrit is a vast language, so the people change the sound of a pesonal name or tribal name according to deeds or misdeeds of the person or the tribe, when the Gurshar repulsed or defeated the invaders in most ancient times, the people changed the word Gurshar with a strong sense into Gurjar (destroyer of the enemy) oftenly S or Sh are changed into J.
As far as the word Gurjar goes in its present form, it is found in Panch Tantra (Oldest book of all available record). It was translated into Pehalvi by Borozoya, the
Minister of Khust I, in 4th century A.D. An English author of the book stories told that world over described Panch Tantra was written in 200 B.C. Almasoodi writes that the book was written in the time of first successor of Poras who fought against Alexander (Marul-ul-Zahab Egypt 1948 page 134). Almasoodi takes the book upto 300 B.C. In this old book, there is a mention of Gurjar Desa. Date of Gurjar Desa prior to Panch Tantra and date of Gurjar tribe Prior to Gujar Desa lead us many centuries before Christ.
Gurjar Desa was a desert where camels were in abundance, so it consisted of west Punjab (now in Pakistan) and west Rajasthan. West Punjab was also a desert before the canal system was intoduced.
There is a stone inscription of 150 A.D. of Rudra Dama on a rock in Girnar Hills in Sorashtra. It reads that Rudra Dama defeated Yaudheyas who has adopted the title of Vir among the Kshatriyas. In all the lists of 36 royal families Gurjar with Vir title is mentioned. Sau Vir. Thus it is evident that about this time i.e. 1st century A.D. Vir
title had been a custom among the rulers of Gurjar Desa (See Bombay Gazetteer Vol I, part-I page 225).
In 3rd and 4th century A.D. the Chap famiuly had begun to rule at Baroach. Their history has come to light in full in 6th century A.D. Gurjar Kingdom with its capital Bhimal was the second biggest Kingdom in the sub-continent. The Kingdoms of Chalukya in Deccan, parmars of Ujjain and the other Kingdoms of the Gurjars upto 1300 A.D. have come to light with full details. The Gurjar Desa afterwards expended upto Peshawar in the north, Baroach in the south and the Kanauj to the East. The details may be seen in history books. Hera I means to explain that the whole literature which reached to Iran, Arabia, Greece and China from the sub-continent belonged to Gurjar Desa.
(d) Causes of down fall of the Gurjars:
There are many causes of down fall of the Gurjars. One of them is lack of national unity. The Gurjars and the whole Hindu society as well, were so jealous that they were happy to see the fall of each other, even at their own cost, at the hands of the foreigners, some examples are as follows:
The same names of the old towns and villages may be seen in the old Gurjar Desa (Present western rajasthan). By the above description I means to say: As the existing Gujrat in Mardan, Gujrat on Chenab, Gujrat in Muzaffar Garh, Gujrat- Saharanpur (1857), Gujar Dhar in Gwalior and Gujrat Kathiawar show the expansion of Gujar kingdom. Similarly, the existing towns Navrana, Kai Rana, Khand Rao Wali, Rana Majra, Tup Rana and Mand Rana are the contemporary evidences of the past that Rana, Rao, Rawal and Rawar etc were the title of the Gujars only.
In Gwalior, the Gujars have always been called as Rana. In the 15th Century A.D. there was Bagh Rao a Gujar of Gothan village (Ojha page 190). In Ain-e-Akhbari a list of all Rajput leaders is given but not a single one has been described as Rana or Rao. Only Mann Singh is written as Raja Man Singh, but the tittle Raja was not limited to the Rajput only. Birbal Brahman has also been mentioned as Raja Birbal (Tarikh-e-Farishata written in the time of Jahangir). There is no mention of a Rajput with a title of Rana or Rao. Only Partap is written as Rana Partap, but Rana Partap was not a Rajputra, he was a pure Gurjar belonging to Guhilot family. Gohilots were of shoot of maitrikas. The Maimatrias and Gohilots were undoubtedly Gurjars. Historians know that after the desctruction of the Royal Gohilot family of Chittor in 1330 A.D., the Gohilots of Sisod emerged in History and Hamir by force took over Chittor back from its new officer-in-charge of the foreign Muslims.
Hamir’s line was afterwards called Sisodia because Hamir came from Sisod. In his line Rana Pratap who died in 1596 A.D. was the last Gurjar. After his death the family was linked in materimonial relations with the Rajputs and now the family is known as Rajput. But it is not strange. One Abdul Ghafoor Khatana, a Gujar, became the Ruler of Swat in 19th Centry A.D. His sons surrounded on all sides by the Pathan Rulers were married in Pathan families and now the family is called Pathan (see Shahan-e-Gujar and Report on Tribes of Dir, Swat and Chitral by Captain A.H. MacMohan page 24).
Secondly, by the above facts, I mean to explain when the Gurjars, migrated, Brahman, Vaish and Sudras accompanied their Yajmans, in words of Honourable K.M. Munshi they were Gurjar Kshatriyas, Gurjar Brahman. Gurjar Vaish and Gurjar Sudras ie natives of Gurjar (country). But the Brahman, Vaish and Sudra were called simply Brahman, Visha Sudra. Similar position exists today also. There is a reference that the ruler of Bengal defeated Dravid. Hun and Gurjar. Mr K.M.Munshi says Dravid and Hun are the names of
tribes but Gurjar is the name of a country. Mr. Ojha proceeded a step further. Only one example is quoted here. In the old book Prithvi Raj Vijai, Sarg 5, verse 78 is given like this, Jigai Gurjar Karn tomashanv prapt Maalava.
N.B: The Book Tarikh-e-Landhora, in which there is mention of Mand Rana was written by Harnam Singh, Khatri of Landhora. He was married at Kai Rana. He was a Civil Engineer at Ajmer where the book was published in 1876 A.D.
In the old book Prithvi Raj Vijai, sarg 5 verse 78is given like this Jigai Gurjar Karn tomashanv Prapt Maalava.
Transilation word to word: Defeating Gurjar Karna victory obainted Maalava i.e. Malava obtained victory by defeating Gurjar Karn. But Mr. Ojha translateed the above verse in Hindi as Udayaditya ne Gujrat ke raja ko jita i.e. Udayaditya conquered Karn the King of Gujrat (see history of Rajputana in Hindi Page 215). Mr. Ojha is the historian of the Rrajputs. In the very beginning of his book the first para starts: “There were no Rajputs before 1300 A.D. the word Rajputs came into use as a community in Moghal Period”. “Then how can he call the rulers, who ruled before 1300 A.D. by the name Rajput. Honourable K. M. Munshi has called the rulers by Gurjar name who ruled 500 A.D. 1300 A.D.
After migration in new settlement the Brahmans, Vaishas and Sudras were given plots of land to construct their houses. The Brahman, as preceptor, also were given some agriculture land which are called Dodli. In the above-mentioned settlement the Chaurasi a whole village named Airiti was also bestowed to the headman of the Brahmans. In 15th century A.D. conversion to Islam ensued, eldest brother in every house became Muslim. The Brahmans were divided. The Muslim Gurjars gave Bohli land to their Brahmans,
even a whole village named Andi (Anandi) was bestowed to the headman of the Brahmans. Muslim Faqirs (Jogies) were also given some agriculture land called Milak. These Dohlis and Milaks stand as their property today. Though both the groups have been deserted during the early years of this century. In short these three classes never used the word Gurjar in their names, they were simply called and are still called Brahman, Vaish and Sudra. If any Brahman called himself Gurjar Brahaman, it only meant the preceptor of the Gurjars. The same position is in Rajasthan itself. Of this kind Gorkha, Maratha, Baluch and Pathan are living examples.
When foregin Muslims occupied the Sub-Continent, there was no seprate single Kshatriya class, it had already been spilt up into many communities such as Gurjar, Ahir, Dogar, Arora and Kambosh etc. So Rajput can claim to be Kshatriya only if he belongs to any one of these groups. Abul Fazal clearly says that there is no Khatri, but a tribe of this name has taken himself into other occupation. In Arabic script, the foreign Muslims always wrote the Kshtriya as Khatri and were misled.
The word Kshatriya is derived from Kshatan (In Persian Khushatn). Which means to beat (chhatna) the word Khatri is derived from Krishtan (In Persian Kishtan) which means to cultivate. Thus Kahatriya means a fighter and Khatri means a cultivator.
Rani Lakshmi Kumari, Chudawat who had been elected as member of Indian Parliament some years ago has written a long history of Rajasthan covering nearly 800 Pages. In a story of the 10th century A.D. she writes: Deva Narayan Gujjar collected the members of his scattered family in an Assembly Hall. One of his cousions sat on floor carpet, Deva Naryan called him, O brother that is the place of the Rajputs to sit on, come here near the throne. She thinks Gujrja a superior class to Rajputs.
Late Thakur Yashpal Singh, a Rajput and senior M. P. of India Parliament has rightly stated, since ancient times, the rule of western India has been connected with the
Gujars. In mediveal period some Gujar families were called Rajputs. The Rajputs and Ahir are the stars, whereas the Gurjar is the moon of the Kshastriya sky. It is beyoned human power to lessen the dignity of the Gurjars. (Perface Gurjar Itihas written by Yatindra Kumar Verma). No doubt the Gurjars, Rajputs and Ahirs are kith and kin.
(c) perspective view of Gurjar History:
In some Puranas a Kshatriya group has been described by the name of Gushavar (master of the enemy). Prakrit form of this word is Gurshar as Ishar = Isar, Sanskrit with Prakrit is a vast language, so the people change the sound of a pesonal name or tribal name according to deeds or misdeeds of the person or the tribe, when the Gurshar repulsed or defeated the invaders in most ancient times, the people changed the word Gurshar with a strong sense into Gurjar (destroyer of the enemy) oftenly S or Sh are changed into J.
As far as the word Gurjar goes in its present form, it is found in Panch Tantra (Oldest book of all available record). It was translated into Pehalvi by Borozoya, the
Minister of Khust I, in 4th century A.D. An English author of the book stories told that world over described Panch Tantra was written in 200 B.C. Almasoodi writes that the book was written in the time of first successor of Poras who fought against Alexander (Marul-ul-Zahab Egypt 1948 page 134). Almasoodi takes the book upto 300 B.C. In this old book, there is a mention of Gurjar Desa. Date of Gurjar Desa prior to Panch Tantra and date of Gurjar tribe Prior to Gujar Desa lead us many centuries before Christ.
Gurjar Desa was a desert where camels were in abundance, so it consisted of west Punjab (now in Pakistan) and west Rajasthan. West Punjab was also a desert before the canal system was intoduced.
There is a stone inscription of 150 A.D. of Rudra Dama on a rock in Girnar Hills in Sorashtra. It reads that Rudra Dama defeated Yaudheyas who has adopted the title of Vir among the Kshatriyas. In all the lists of 36 royal families Gurjar with Vir title is mentioned. Sau Vir. Thus it is evident that about this time i.e. 1st century A.D. Vir
title had been a custom among the rulers of Gurjar Desa (See Bombay Gazetteer Vol I, part-I page 225).
In 3rd and 4th century A.D. the Chap famiuly had begun to rule at Baroach. Their history has come to light in full in 6th century A.D. Gurjar Kingdom with its capital Bhimal was the second biggest Kingdom in the sub-continent. The Kingdoms of Chalukya in Deccan, parmars of Ujjain and the other Kingdoms of the Gurjars upto 1300 A.D. have come to light with full details. The Gurjar Desa afterwards expended upto Peshawar in the north, Baroach in the south and the Kanauj to the East. The details may be seen in history books. Hera I means to explain that the whole literature which reached to Iran, Arabia, Greece and China from the sub-continent belonged to Gurjar Desa.
(d) Causes of down fall of the Gurjars:
There are many causes of down fall of the Gurjars. One of them is lack of national unity. The Gurjars and the whole Hindu society as well, were so jealous that they were happy to see the fall of each other, even at their own cost, at the hands of the foreigners, some examples are as follows: