|
Post by AP Singh on Apr 20, 2006 7:25:29 GMT -5
One more link where Gujjar kings were called as Raghukul Bhusan. The other is gwalior inscription where Gujjar king Mihir Bhoja is told as incarnation of hindu lord Vishnu. Now I understand why my Pandit friends in school used to call me Gujjar Devta (Gujjar who is like god). www.maratharajputrelations.com/intro2.htmlvi) The Gurjaras and the Rajpurts : ( 550 to 950 A.D.) : About sixty years after the destruction of the Huna supremacy in nortthern India, there arose another Empire at Kanuj under Harshavardan (606 to 647 A.D.), but Rajasthan(29) lay out of his suzerainty. Hiuen Tsang mentions the existence of independent Gurjara (Ku-che-lo) kingdom with Pi-lo-mo-lo, which has been indefined with Bhillamala, modern Bhinamal, as its Capital. The origin(30) of the Gurjaras has been a subject of controversy, which is related to the origin of the Rajputs. A school of thought holds them to be of a foreign origion, having come along with the Hunas. But this assumption has no evidence to prove it as a hitorical truth. The Gurjara Kingdom(31) was founded in the former Jodhpur State of Rajasthan after the destruction of the Gupta-Empire in the second half of sixth century by Harichandra, a Brahman. The sons of his Kshtriya queen Bhanda became the founders of the Royal lines of the Praiharas. Harichandra and his three successors ruled between 550 to 640 A.D. Besides, there were other States founded by the sons of Harichandra. One of these was in the Lata country (South Gujarath) and the other was in Malva, with its Capital at Ujjain, where a Pratihar Chief Nagabhata was rulling early in the eighth century. By the time Harichandra founded the Gurjara Kingdom in Marwad, another dynasty of the Guhila arose in the western part of Mewad under Guhadatta(32). The most famous among the Guhilots was Bappa Rawal, who seems to be ninth ruler of the dynasty and was probably a contemporary of Nagabhata. Pratihar king of Ujjain. He captured Chitod from the Mori King, probably after the latter fell a victim to the Arab aggression. Another branch of the Guhilots (33) was rulling in the latter half of the sixth century or about the beginning of the seventh century in the jaipur region. From the inscription found at Chatse, 26 miles to the south of Jaypur city, we know that it was founded by one Bhartipatta who "was like Parshuram endowed with both priestly and martial qualitities". It clearly supports the view that the Ghilots were originally Brahmans. Besides these(34) , there were Mauryas in the eastern Mewad and part of hadauti, Chapas in South Rajasthan and the Chahamanas at Shakambhari. But an un-expected foreign(35) aggression between 724 and 738 A.D., revolutionised the whole political structure of Rajasthan. This was the invasion of the Arabs, who, after the conquest of Sindh (712 A.D.) swept over the whole of Rajasthan, Gujarat and advanced as far as Ujjain. The Gurjar kingdom of Jodhpur was overrun but the Pratihar Nagbhata hurled back the invaders in collaboration with Avanijanashraya Pulakeshi, the Chalukya ruler of Lata (south Gujarat). This victory of Nagbhata(36) over the Arabs not only enabled him to dethrone Jodhpur as the supreme power in the Pratihar confederacy, but laid the foundation of a new power of the Gurjara - Pratiharas, who became the masters of Kanauj by about (37) 815 A.D. The Pratiharas reached the Zenith of their power during 815 A.D. to 940 A.D. and were called "Gurjareshvaras" and "Raghukulbhu - Chakravarti". Sulaiman(38) , an Arab traveller, who visited India in 851 A.D. refers to Bhoj Prathihar in Vivid terms and states that the king maintained numerous forces and that not other Indian prince had so fine a cavalry. He further observes that there was no greater foe of the Muhammadan faith than him. He had great riches and his camels and horses were numerous. No country in India was more safe than his country. Al Masudi (39), another traveller, a native of Bagdad, who visited India in the year 915-16 A.D. refers to the great power and resources of the Pratihar king of Kanauj, and the wide extent of his kingdom, which touched Rashtrakuta kingdom in the South and the Muslim Principality of Multan in the west with both of whom the king was at war. He was rich in horses and camels and maintained four armies in four directions each numbering 7,00,000 or 9,00,000 men. And with all this strength(40) , even though the Pratiharas could have easily exterminated the Muslim rule in the Sindh province, they allowed it to remain there. It appears that the danger of the Muslim meance was not fully realized by them. Had they possessed even a general knowledge of the political condition of the lands immediate outside the borders of India on the north-west, they would not have committed such a grave mistake. The indifference of the Hindu Chiefs in general cost them terribly very soon. The Pratihar Empire collapsed in the latter half of 10th century giving rise to new powers, known later on under the collective name Rajputs. It was the lot of these Rajpurt powers to face the new invaders that fell like hurricane on the furtile fields and rich localities of Hindusthan.
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Apr 21, 2006 2:02:29 GMT -5
The Gujjar empire from 550 to 950 A.D. as seen by various Visiting scholars.
1. Hiuen Tsang from China: About sixty years after the destruction of the Huna supremacy in nortthern India, there arose another Empire at Kanuj under Harshavardan (606 to 647 A.D.), but Rajasthan(29) lay out of his suzerainty. Hiuen Tsang mentions the existence of independent Gurjara (Ku-che-lo) kingdom with Pi-lo-mo-lo, which has been indefined with Bhillamala, modern Bhinamal, as its Capital.
2. Sulaiman, The Arab Scholar:
Sulaiman an Arab traveller, who visited India in 851 A.D. refers to Bhoj Prathihar in Vivid terms and states that the king maintained numerous forces and that not other Indian prince had so fine a cavalry. He further observes that there was no greater foe of the Muhammadan faith than him. He had great riches and his camels and horses were numerous. No country in India was more safe than his country.
3. Al Masudi A traveller from Bagdad: Al Masudi a native of Bagdad, who visited India in the year 915-16 A.D. refers to the great power and resources of the Pratihar king of Kanauj, and the wide extent of his kingdom, which touched Rashtrakuta kingdom in the South and the Muslim Principality of Multan in the west with both of whom the king was at war. He was rich in horses and camels and maintained four armies in four directions each numbering 7,00,000 or 9,00,000 men.
And with all this strength(40) , even though the Pratiharas could have easily exterminated the Muslim rule in the Sindh province, they allowed it to remain there. It appears that the danger of the Muslim meance was not fully realized by them. Had they possessed even a general knowledge of the political condition of the lands immediate outside the borders of India on the north-west, they would not have committed such a grave mistake. The indifference of the Hindu Chiefs in general cost them terribly very soon.
|
|
|
Post by ParvinderGurjar on Apr 21, 2006 13:19:33 GMT -5
Hi AP Singh Bhai, and all gurjar Brother, I am writing this mail only because on samaj sandesh all of us only talks about Gurjar Partihar kingdom. It is very difficult for me to write this mail. And no body can complete this mail but we can discuss here about the following kingdoms Let me have pleasure to present the list of different gurjar kingdoms at different era. 1) Yhezhi ended at 177BCE 2) Kushan (1CE-375CE) Capital at Peshawar and Mathura. 3) Gujratra a. Chap ruler – fouder was Yashodharma Vikramaditya-(475CE-712 CE), Yashodharma was first Gurjareshwer founded the Capital at Bhinmal but was ruined by Arabs even there chronology is not available only four kings of the chap ruler are mention at the various piller inscriptions. b. Partihar – Fouder Was Dadda I (650CE-1036CE), Nagbhat led the tittle of Gurjareshwar in 732CE, capital at Ujjain. c. Solanki – Founder Was Mulraj I (942CE-1244CE), Mulraj himself adopted the title of Gurjareshwar. These are the different gurjar feudatories under Gurjratra at different era 1) Maitrik of Vallabhi Nagar 2) Parmar of Malwa 3) Chauhan of Shakamberi 4) Chauhans of Ajmer 5) Chandellas of Bundelkhand 6) Solankis of Anhilwada Patan (Gujarat) 7) Tawar of Delhi 8) Chawada Dynasity Chalukyan Dynasty of Deccan 1) Chalukyas of Badami 2) Chalukyas of Kalyani 3) Chalukyas of Vengi 4) Chalukyas of Vatapi Note: -- Chalukyan Dynasty was known for there Art & Culture. The rock-cut temples of Pattadakal,Badami and Aihole, and the some of the celebrated paintings and sculptures of the Ellora and Ajanta caves are examples of the art that the Chalukya Empire patronized. They evolved a new style, which is known as the Chalukyan architecture. It has been described as belonging to the vesara style, a combination of the South Indian or Dravida and the North Indian or Nagara Styles. "In Karnataka history, Chalukyan period is considered as golden age. After 1300CE the whole india was divided into small kingdoms. And many of the great Gurjar kings & leaders led the people and fought against the invaders like mughals and Britishers. And they are as follows. Guhil of Chitor Chatrapati Shivaji Rao Bhonsle and four diiferent Bhonsle Kingdoms Pratap Rao Gurjar (Army Chieftent of Shivaji) Gurjaraghar Ghurria Princely State Chabadi Princely State Gurjar Kingdom Of North India SialKot Landora Pariknutsgarh Dadri Samthar Peel Nagar, Buklana, Mundlana were the very small riyasats. Only Landora’s and Samthar’s family still exist today and rest of the riyasat was ended by British in 1857. Maharaja Rajit Singh Judeo is the present king of samther. Dilip Singh Judeo also Belong to the same family (Cabinate minister in the prevoius BJP govt) --------Whose moustache was very famous the previous in last election in chattisgarh. Few of the main fighters in the history • Veer Yograj Singh Gurjar 14-15th century • Bagdawat (they were 24 brothers son of Bagharawat) • Hari Singh Nalwa (Army Chieftent of Raja Ranjit Singh of Punjab) • Guru Gobind Singh (Son Of Gurjari Mata) The complete information about the kingdoms is not possible for me to write on this platform. If i have left any of the kingdoms please complete the information. Bye for now Parvinder Gurjar
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Apr 27, 2006 8:03:44 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars and Rajputs, See the link shows the relation of Gujjars to Guhilot Rajputs. Sheesodia is branch of Guhilot Gujjars. The Great Rana Pratap belong to this branch of Gujjars. www.mewarindia.com/ency/guh.htmlGuhil, Rawal, recognised as the first ruler of the GUHILOT Dynasty (r. ca 569-603), the royal line that eventually became the Mewar Dynasty. (This enables the dynasty's link to the earliest Rajput warriors and, by tradition, to Lav, elder son of Ram, and Surya the Sun God; see MEWAR'S TRADITIONAL LINEAGE.) Variations of his name are Goha, Gohaditya, Guha, Guhdatt, Guhadatta, and Guhila. He ruled from Idar near the Mewar-Gujarat border. Guhil's origins are not recorded but at least Colonel James TOD in his ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES OF RAJASTHAN may have been close to the facts when he wrote that Guhil is said to have belonged to the Gurjara stock, kinsmen or allies of the Huns who entered India about the 6th century AD. He founded a kingdom in Rajputana, with its capital at Bhilmal (or Srimal), about 31 km. from Mt. Abu (which is in the general vicinity of Idar). Guhil is thought to have been the posthumous son of the Rajput King Siladitya VI, possibly of the Bala tribe, who ruled Vallabhi in Kathiawar (now modern Gujarat), and Queen PUSHPAVATI. According to legend, he was born while his mother was on a journey across the border in what was to become Mewar, to receive a blessing for her soon-to-be-born child. While she was away, Arab marauders sacked Vallabhi, killing the king and many of his subjects. On receiving the news, Pushpavati went into hiding in the wilderness of the Idar district. There, in a cave, she is said to have given birth to a son who was subsequently named Goha (meaning cave-born). She gave the royal child to Kamlavati, a Brahman nursemaid and left the Captain of her guard to protect him, then committed SATI. Young Goha, or Guhil as he came to be called, was reared in the seclusion and safety of the isolated jungles near the city of Idar, then ruled by the local BHIL chieftain Mandalik. To ensure the continuation of the bloodline, the child's true identity had to remain anonymous for fear of reprisal by the Arab conquerors. For many years, his Brahman nanny, Kamlavati, herself a mother, passed him off as one of her own children; even the boy was ignorant of his noble heritage. He grew up playing games with local Rajput children and Bhil youngsters, killing birds and hunting wild animals. The orphan prince became a constant source of uneasiness to his Brahman protectors and by age 11 was quite unmanageable. But, to use the words of the legend, "How should they hide the ray of the sun?"
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 4, 2006 8:44:35 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars, As per the Historians the word Rajput first time appeared in the History in 14th. Century. only. Before 14th. century all the rulers of Clans Pratihars, Chauhans,Solankis,Parmars,Tanwars,Chawras were Gujjars only and till 10th. Century all the clans ruling India were fuedatories of Gujjar Partihars. See the link: horsesandswords.blogspot.com/2006_04_01_horsesandswords_archive.htmlPunjabi society It has been held by the colonial historians that at this time of Islamic invasion the inhabitants of Punjab were descended from earlier groups of foreign invaders—the leftist historians faithfully reproduced these wild theories. The compulsions of both sets of historians have been described earlier. In the case of Punjab they claim that the region was under the rule of Indo-Greeks, the Sakas and Kushans, and finally the Huns in the 6th Century CE. From this they conclude that the poorer sections of these invaders “became” the agricultural classes while the upper section “became” Rajputs. Now the evolution of the word Rajput and its connection with the resistance against the Islamist onslaught has already been shown previously. The theory of foreigners conveniently “becoming” an Indian community has no basis in fact, since neither the colonial nor the leftist historians bothered to back their claims with actual evidence. To compare the invaders-becoming-Indian theory with later times we find that the centuries of Islamic invasion left behind a 20% Muslim population in India with a mere 3% claiming definite foreign origin. Moreover according to this theory the earlier invaders adopted the Indian religions and customs and did not forcibly convert Indians to their own customs or ideology; hence their numbers when compared to the Muslim population would be lower still. The position of the Gujjar and Jat agricultural classes as Indian infantry has been shown above—it seems that after the Islamic invasions they evolved a separate identity from the dominant cavalier Rajputs. The colonial historians added their usual racist twist to this natural development—they claimed that the word Gurjar does not indicate a province (western Rajasthan and Gujarat) but a people. The class divisions among this people gave rise to the latter-day Rajputs, Gujjars, Jats, etc—once again this version does not account for the evolution of the word Rajput from the Vedic texts. It has been shown above how the Pratihars of Gurjar defended the region from the Arab invaders, captured Kannauj, and later moved into Punjab. The colonial historians reversed this trend, claiming that the foreign-origin Gurjars “moved in” with the Huns[1] and first settled in Punjab before “moving down” into Rajasthan! As evidence they point to the Gujjar cattle-herders living in Punjab and the neighboring regions but speaking their own Gojri language, which has great similarities to Rajasthani. The language similarity actually proves the Gurjar expansion from Rajasthan, for otherwise the Rajasthani language should have been prevalent in Punjab where these alleged “foreigners” first settled. What really happened is that the Gurjar-Pratihar Empire disintegrated and left behind the name Gurjar in Punjab where their one surviving kingdom was finally dissolved in the conflict with Kashmir. After the Muslim invasions, landowners manning the elephants and cavalry portion of Indian armies were slaughtered or converted, while the infantry portion recruited from villages were mostly left alone[2] if they did not fight—in the case of the former Gurjar Kingdom these retained their language and culture and became the ancestors of the latter-day Gujjar and allied agricultural classes. A similar story is told of the Jats. The colonial historians claim them to be a foreign race also found in Iran and Central Asia, from whence they “moved in” to Sindh. Later as the Islamic invaders captured Punjab and the Gangetic plains, the Jats are said to have “moved in” behind them thus accounting for their large numbers. However the presence of Chauhan Jats, and of Jats sporting other Rajput clan-names, who emerged from the bloody conflict of Kannauj and Ajmer with Muhammad Ghori negates this theory. Jat appears to be an occupational rather than tribal term—applied to both farmers and infantry soldiers in the northern India of that period. In fact the only foreign-origin segment of the northwestern society were the Shahi rulers of the Kabul valley, who were either descendants of the Kushan monarch Kanishka (reigned nine centuries before the Shahis) or belonged to a family of Buddhist Turks from Tibet (who had ruled that region for sixty generations). The long period of rule or actual origin of these foreigners is not important. What is really important is that though these foreigners adopted Indian customs and religions, inter-married with Indian royalty, and ruled for so many centuries—yet they were still regarded as being of foreign origin! This fact, clearly and repeatedly mentioned in contemporary literature, finds a resonance with the stories of other foreign immigrants to India who have not forgotten their ancestry in all this time[3]. It puts into perspective the modern myths of the colonial historians who claimed that Saka, Kushan, and Hun invaders, after a few generations were conveniently absorbed into the Indian population, forgot their own origins (!), and began claiming an Indian ancestry (!)—to top it all the rest of India also somehow suffered a universal attack of amnesia at this same time and tamely accepted their claims. The damage done to Indian History writing by the colonial and leftist historians will take time and effort to repair. The evolution of the word Rajput from Vedic texts has been shown previously and its emergence in the ferocious resistance to the Islamic invaders has also been discussed. In the books of Muslim historians the word occurs only from the 14th Century—in Timur’s autobiography. Up until then the leaders of the local resistance in Kannauj and Ajmer and other places were termed “Ranas and Rais”—the same terms are used when describing the local resistance in Punjab. But Timur, who traversed through Punjab and dealt with the local powers, only uses the word Rajput for Hindu warriors who faced him in the approach to Delhi and not in the Punjab. In the Mughal texts of a later age the word Rajput is used only for Hindu warriors of noble birth—it is never used for converts. The following documents from the Ain-i-Akbari will make this clear: the first page describes the Forts, towns, and the military castes in the region between the Rivers Indus and Jehlum. Here are mentioned the Awan, Gakkhar, Janjua, and Afghan tribes—none of the former three are called Rajput. In fact beyond the Ravi River the word Rajput is not used for any community in any of the Mughal documents. But in the second document, which deals with regions south of the Ravi, i.e. Forts, towns, and the military castes in the region between the Rivers Beas and Ravi (also including a portion of the Kangra hills) the word Rajput appears several times. These forts are found in the hills of Himachal Pradesh, which has retained its traditional Hindu character to this day. Interestingly Rajput is found in conjunction with Sombanshi, which is a version of Chandravanshi, the lunar family of warrior clans mentioned in the Vedic texts. In all the Mughal texts, when referring to these northwestern regions, the word Rajput is only used for Hindu warriors usually from the hill-states. However Punjabi Muslims who today claim to be Rajputs state that since Jats and Gujjars are clearly identified in these documents even after they converted to Islam, as are converts from other castes, why can’t they claim to be converts from the Rajput caste? Secondly the Punjabi Muslim converts follow the Hindu tradition of not marrying within gotras and many of their clans are the same as in Rajasthan so why can’t they call themselves Mussalman Rajputs? Thirdly they claim that Rajputs are warriors and the Punjabi Muslims too have a warrior tradition, hence they have every right to call themselves Rajputs. The clear answer to these questions is that the word Rajput emerged from the resistance to Islamic invaders in Ajmer and Kannauj. It was later also applied to noble warriors in the east and south of India who had remained true to their ancestral religion. In the north the word Rajput is applied only to the warriors of Uttaranchal, Himachal, and Jammu—those that remained staunch defenders of the Hindu faith. Converts from these Rajput communities were either forced or bribed to forsake their ancestral faith—these converts lost their clan status and developed new identities in their adopted faith. In any case they represented a negligible portion of the Rajput population—in the Punjab however there were mass conversions of entire clans/tribes by a process that will be studied in the next post. The case of Kashmir Unlike Punjab, the Kashmir region of India is protected on all sides by towering mountain ranges. The armies of Mahmud Ghaznavi failed to penetrate this massive barrier. But foreign influence was critical in converting the inhabitants of the fertile valley to Islam. The internal politico-military framework was already suffering from severe shortcomings as described in the contemporary historical work, the Rajatarangini. Real power lay with groups of military classes called Tantrins (infantry soldiers) and Ekangas, and landowners called Damaras. Their origin and organization is unknown for no other authority describes the history of Kashmir with such detail as the Rajatarangini. While grappling with these groups, the king did not have any clan (his own armed kinsmen) to rely on, unlike in Ajmer or Kannauj or even in the neighboring regions of Jammu and Kangra. There were frequent changes of dynasties and ministers or even revenue officials could be chosen to become kings while the above-mentioned groups exercised the real power. The only way for a king to establish his authority was to launch military expeditions into neighboring regions (Darads of the Kishenganga valley, thingych, Punjab)—but ultimately the structure of the kingdom remained socially fractured. But the worst sin of numerous Kashmiri rulers was their reliance on foreign mercenaries who they allowed to settle down in the valley. From Vajraditya in the 8th Century, who is said to have introduced practices beneficial to Mlechchas, to Rinchan in the 14th Century, who relied on Muslim mercenaries for his power and ultimately passed on this power to them. Again and again the Rajtarangini bemoans the entry of Turushkas and Mlechchas into Kashmir. In 1301 Kashmir was invaded by Dulucha leading a 60,000 strong army of Turushka, Tajik, and Mlechcha horsemen, who killed and looted the inhabitants of the valley and carried away thousands of slaves. At about that time a Tibetan prince named Rinchan also invaded the unhappy land and easily usurped power—he took the support of the Muslim mercenaries in Kashmir. One of these named Shah Mir later became the first Sultan of Kashmir—his descendant Sikandar forcibly converted the inhabitants of Kashmir to Islam. The lack of a clan-system of warriors meant that there was no continuing resistance to this change. But such a system was not lacking in the Punjab as will be seen in the next post. [1] Hence called the Hun-Gurjar theory. [2] The following is a quote from the Mirat-i-Masudi, a history of Masud Ghaznavi, which describes how there were one set of rules for the Hindu rulers and warriors and another set of rules for the farmers. “As soon as Saifu-d dín and Miyán Rajab reached Bahráích, they sent back word that there were no supplies to be obtained there, and that their army stood in danger of perishing, unless help was afforded them. Mas'úd ordered the chaudharís and mukaddims of the pargannahs to be brought before him, and those of seven or eight of the pargannahs were brought. He then called to his presence Bípás, Chaudharí of Saddahur, and Narharí, Chaudharí of Amíthí, and encouraged them in every way, exhorting them to encourage the cultivation of the lands, which would be advantageous both to them and to their ryots.” [3] Refer to the history of the Parsi and Jewish immigrants.
|
|
|
Post by Munbeeb Rao on May 5, 2006 9:42:29 GMT -5
Hello Mazhar Bhai!
Congruatulations! Look, Look, Look, the thread which we had started from a bad note, has become much visited thread of this forum. It is very informative thread as well.
Where are you these days? I try visit this forum, whenever I have enough time to sit on computer. This forum is very good and informative but these days, some non-serious people are trying to destroy inter-communities peace.
AP Singh deserve full credit for carrying this thread forward.
Take Care and Allah Hafiz.
Muneeb Rao.
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 6, 2006 4:56:10 GMT -5
Hi Nadeeb, Thank you for the compliments. There are some people who blame me that I am finding new allies. This is not true at all as I am really in search of my genetic brothers. There are some people who blame me why we dint claim Jaichand Rathore just because he was a traitor. That is also not true. Rathores are dofferernt clan that Gujjars ( Gujjars having Pratihars, Chauhans,Solankis,Parmars,Tanwars,Guhilots Bhattis etc.). Kushwahas are also not Gujjars since we dont share any gotra with them. Kushwahas claim their decsendent to Raja Nal who was from Narwargarh and the king Nishads. The other name of Narwargarh is Nishidha. Rathor Rajputs are from Rastrakut origin and Gujjars were fighting with Arab invaders at one end and the rashtrakuts (Rathore) at other end. The rathores were friendly with the Arab invaders since the Gujjars being the common enemy for both of them and that is reason the Jaichand Rathor who is rated as the most notorious traitor in India invited Muhhamad ghori and helped him like his ancestors who got the hold of Kannuaj with the help of the earlier Muslim inavaders expecting the similar favours from Ghori. But Ghori was different and he did not trust Jaichand Rathor and did not show any mercy towards this traitor and Jaichand was drowned in the the river Ganga while trying to flee from the battlefield to save his life. See the proof of my claim that Rathors are different than Gujjars. Al Masudi A traveller from Bagdad writes. www.maratharajputrelations.com/intro2.htmlAl Masudi a native of Bagdad, who visited India in the year 915-16 A.D. refers to the great power and resources of the Pratihar king of Kanauj, and the wide extent of his kingdom, which touched Rashtrakuta kingdom in the South and the Muslim Principality of Multan in the west with both of whom the king was at war. He was rich in horses and camels and maintained four armies in four directions each numbering 7,00,000 or 9,00,000 men.
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 1:37:54 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars, Hi Gujjars, Many Historian blames Gujjars that even after having four armies of 9,00,000 men in each direction the Gujjars could have easily easily exterminated the Arab invaders in the Sindh province and beyond but they allowed it to remain there. In my earlier postings I have given enough reasons for Imperial Gujjar Pratihars not to attack afghanistan even after having best of army comprising a rich army of 36,00,000 men having horeses and camels and best of the Generals in the form of the people of thier own clans of Chauhans, Guhilas,Tanwars,Solankis,Parmars and Non clan vassals like Rathores, Kalchuris, Kushwahas etc. The main reason was that there was very little to attract them beyond Sindh in Afghanistan and arab Deserts since Oil was useless that point of time. One more reason as mentioned by various visiting Arab scholars in their literature was a temple located in Sindh. The Arab Muslims used to take shelter in this temple to protect them from Gujjars armies. The Gujjars found in Afghanistan and in Pakistan at Afghanistan borders now a days are the Gujjars of the Imperial Gujjar srmy posted there at that time. They all speak Rajasthani Gojri, all are well built and share the same Gotras of Gujjars of Rajasthan and Delhi with little variation of pronunciation (Like Toor of Afghanistan are the Tuar,Tanwar,Toonwar of Delhi and Rajasthan who are the founder of Delhi). See the following link: www.bharatvani.org/books/hhrmi/ch2.htmArab travellers to India of the 10th century “all speak of only two independent Arab principalities with Multan and Mansurah as their capitals”. The Pratihara kings waged constant war “against the Arab prince of Multan, and with the Mussalmans, his subjects on the frontier”. Multan would have been lost by the Arabs but for a Hindu temple. Dr. Misra quotes Al-Istakhri who wrote about AD 951 that in Multan “there is an idol held in great veneration by the Hindus and every year people from distant parts undertake pilgrimages to it… When the Indians make war upon them and endeavour to seize the idol, the inhabitants [Arabs] bring it out pretending that they will break it and burn it. Upon this the Indians retire, otherwise they would destroy Multan.” Finally, he observes: “Thus after three centuries of unremitting effort, we find the Arab dominion in India limited to two petty states of Multan and Mansurah. And here, too, they could exist only after renouncing their iconoclastic zeal and utilizing the idols for their own political ends. It is a very strange sight to see them seeking shelter behind the very budds, they came here to destroy.”13 It has to be kept in mind all along that the Arab empire in this period was the mightiest power on earth. Compared to this monolithic and highly militarised giant, the Hindu principalities of Sindh and other border areas were no better than pygmies. Yet the pygmies had the last laugh at the end of the 10th century when the Islamised Turks took over from the Arabs the Islamic crusade against “Sind and Hind”. It was the old story of Alexander and the small republics of the Punjab and Sindh, all over again.
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 2:52:24 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars and Rajputs (Of Gujjar stock), Here is another record that Rajputs sharing the same gotra as Gujjars are the same irrespective of the religious faith. See the following link for details: www.history.upenn.edu/coursepages/hist086/material/Chap2.htmBy contrast, in Rajasthan, a single dominant warrior group evolved, called Rajput (from Rajaputra -- sons of kings), who rarely engaged in farming, even to supervise farm labour, because farming was literally beneath them; farming was for their peasant subjects. In the ninth century, separate clans of Rajput Cahamanas (Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias), and Caulukyas (Solankis) were splitting off from sprawling Gurjara Pratihara clans, whose distant ancestors were pastoralists and who formed an imperial medieval dynasty that spread across Rajasthan, Malwa, and the Ganga basin. In later centuries, separate Rajput lineages spread out across the plains and adjacent mountains, settling in fortresses, and ruling over peasants. Rajput nobles endowed temples and employed Brahmans, but their devotion to war, clan, and supremacy over peasants were the true measures of Rajput dharma. They attracted allies and imitators as they made themselves a model of rajadharma, ideal Kshatriyas.
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 3:10:53 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars and Rajputs (Of Gujjar stock),
The above link belong to the University of Pennsylvania,Department of History, 208 College Hall,Philadelphia, PA 19104-6379, and is a very authentic record of history.
Regards. AP Singh
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 3:45:21 GMT -5
Hi Muneeb, I have realised my mistake today to call you by a wrong name as Nadeeb and I am extremely sorry for the same. I know this is serious mistake on my part but hope you must be busy and this may not be the reason for not responding to my folloing post. Thank you for the compliments. There are some people who blame me that I am finding new allies. This is not true at all as I am really in search of my genetic brothers. There are some people who blame me why we dint claim Jaichand Rathore just because he was a traitor. That is also not true. Rathores are differernt clan that Gujjars ( Gujjars having Pratihars, Chauhans,Solankis,Parmars,Tanwars,Guhilots Bhattis etc.). Kushwahas are also not Gujjars since we dont share any gotra with them. Kushwahas claim their decsendent to Raja Nal who was from Narwargarh and was the king of Nishads. The other name of Narwargarh is Nishidha. Rathor Rajputs are from Rastrakut origin and Gujjars were fighting with Arab invaders at one end and the rashtrakuts (Rathore) at other end. The rathores were friendly with the Arab invaders since the Gujjars being the common enemy for both of them and that is reason the Jaichand Rathor who is rated as the most notorious traitor in India invited Muhhamad ghori and also helped him like his ancestors did on earlier occasions and got the hold of Kannuaj in return with the help of the earlier Muslim inavaders. Jaichand also expected the similar favours from Ghori but Ghori was different and he did not trust Jaichand Rathor and did not show any mercy towards this traitor and Jaichand was drowned in the the river Ganga while trying to flee from the battlefield to save his life. See the proof of my claim that Rathors are different than Gujjars. Al Masudi A traveller from Bagdad writes. www.maratharajputrelations.com/intro2.htmlAl Masudi a native of Bagdad, who visited India in the year 915-16 A.D. refers to the great power and resources of the Pratihar king of Kanauj, and the wide extent of his kingdom, which touched Rashtrakuta kingdom in the South and the Muslim Principality of Multan in the west with both of whom the king was at war. He was rich in horses and camels and maintained four armies in four directions each numbering 7,00,000 or 9,00,000 men. Regards. AP Singh
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 4:04:45 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars and Rajputs (Of Gujjar stock), The Gujjar Empire at the time of Mihir Bhoj was from Sindh to South of India (Karnataka) and to present day Bangla Desh covering Bihar and West Bengal. After the rule of Gujjars, only Mughals and Brotishers could control such a vast territory. See the link: ddinajpur.nic.in/Archaelogical_Assets/Archaelogical_Assets_Page2/archaelogical_assets_page2.htmlThe decline of the Pala dynasty began in the later half or the 9th century A. D. The Pratihar got for some time control over North Bengal. In Dinajpur (now in Bangladesh) an inscription pillar of Pratihar king Mahendra Pal, son of king Bhoja has been found. A prosperous village on the bank of river Srimati in itahar PS is called Pratirajpur
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 5:55:28 GMT -5
Hi Gujjars and Rajputs (Of Gujjar stock), Here is another proof that Rathors (Rashtrakutas) are not of Gujjar origin and they were bitter enemies of Gujjars. www.geocities.com/ancientcoinsofindia/Bhoja.htmPratihara Dynasty : King Bhoja-I (Adivaraha) : ( Ruler : Bhoja-I , Adivaraha , Place : Unknown , Material : Billon , Size : 20 mm, Period : CIRCA 9Th Century A.D. ) Nagabhatta I founded the dynasty of Pratihara in the beginning of eighth century A.D. There is controversy with regard to origin and place of origin of the Pratiharas . Some scholars are in view that Pratiharas are of Gurjara Clan ( In Chinese Kiu - Cha = Gurja) . These were foreigners and they came to India along with White hunas and made india their home . The Arab writers Abu Zaid and Al-Masudi call them " Juzr " or Gurjara . Rashtrakuta inscriptions and Poet Pampa of Kannada language describe Pratiharas as Gurjaras . The Agnikula Theory based on " Prithvi raj Raso " of Chandbardai these were descendants of one out of four heroes who came out from Yajna kunda . The Gwalior inscription traces their origin from Lakshamana ; the younger brother of Rama . It is said that Lakshamana had driven away the army of Meghanada and hence he was called Pratihari and his descendants were called as Pratiharas ( Another story states Lakshamana useally guard the door during night time when Rama was sleeping hence he was called Pratihari ) , Some other scholars believe that the Yajna mentioned in the Agnikula theory was made for admitting the foreign tribes in the Hindu religion This indicates Pratiharas might have been foreigners . Mihirabhoja ascended the throne in 816 AD . A glorious chapter of history of the Pratihara begins with the accession of Mihirabhoja . He reorganized and consolidated the empire inherited from his ancestors and ushered in an era of prosperity of the Pratiharas . he credited many conquests including annexure of Bundelkhanda & parts of Rajputana , Punjab, Western and Central India . According to Dr R.S.Tripathy : " Under Bhoja the kingdom of Kannauj grew to enormous dimensions , and it may be roughly defined as limited by the Sutlej in the North-west , the foot of Himalayas in the North , The Western boundaries of the Pala dominions in the east ; Bundelkhand and Vatsa territories in the South-east , possibly the lower course of the Narmada and Saurashtra on the South-west , including the major portion of Rajputana on the West . " Mihirabhoja had fought many battles with Amoghvarsha and Krishna-II of Rashtakuta dynasty , Devapala of Pala dynasty & Arab invaders . He conquered many other provinces also . He had attacked Karnal , Western and Southern Saurashtra etc. The Arab Traveler Suleman has praised his big army and efficient administration .According Dr Mookerji during the reign of Mihirabhoja "Pratihara power has attained its zenith in its whole history" . He was worshipper of Vishnu and Shiva . Probable Accession Year A.D. Name of Ruler Dates from Inscriptions A.D. 860 Mihira Bhoja (Bhoja-I or Adivaraha ) 862 ,875,882 885 Mahendra Pala Deva 903-907 On the obverse of coin there is figure of Nrvaraha /Adivaraha , The boar incarnation of Vishnu waering long "Vanamala" to right with left leg raised ; below a small lion , to right a sun / wheel (charka) symbol , Moon symbol and dumbbell like symbol above , A trident and conch shell on left side of Adivaraha . The reverse of the coin is simply rude copy of Hepthalo-Sassanid coins with little modifications. It has two lined inscription ” Shrimad Adi / Varaha “ with traces of fire alter accompanied with two ladies (attendants ) to right and left . The depiction of “ Adivaraha “ figurine matches very well with the representation given in cave no 5 of Udayagiri of Madhya Pradesh . The Gwalior inscription ( CIRCA 875-876 AD) of the rock cut temple “ Shrimad Adivaraha “ was title used by Bhoja deva or Mihira Bhoja (Bhoja-I or Adivaraha ) . The inscription states that “ The temple was built by Gopadri , governor appointed by king Shrimad Adivaraha of Mahodaya or Kannauj ” Alexander Cunningham has given denomination Dramma or Adivaraha Dramma for these types of coins on the basis of inscriptions of Pratihara rulers . Here is one illustration made from several coins of these type of coins , But on no coin the complete scene is available may be due to die shifting . Illustration of Coin of King Bhoja-I (Adivaraha) Coin of King Bhoja-I (Adivaraha) ( Ruler : Bhoja-I , Adivaraha , Place : Unknown , Material : Billon , Size : 20 mm, Period : CIRCA 9Th Century A.D. ) Why there is Lion under the feets of Adivaraha ? 1) During the Early period " Lion “ was Royal Emblem (Kula Chinha ) of Rashtrakuta Rulers . this continues till CIRCA 993-994 AD When Lion was replaced by new symbol. This new symbol has a Naga (Snake) in his hand According to Fleet the symbol was “ Shiva “ Whereas P. Bhagavanalal identify it as “Garuda “.Whatever it might be but it is clear that upto CIRCA 993-994 AD " Lion “ was Royal Emblem of Rashtrakuta Rulers . 2) One gold coin attributed to Rashtrakuta ruler Govinda IV contain Lion with upraised paw on obverse and legends in Kannada “ Shri Nanni Vedenga “ i.e. the title of king . 3) The Rashtrakuta’s were strong rivals of Pratihara kings . The Arab traveller , Al-Masudi visited Kannauj and wrote that " The king of Kannauj was the natural enemy of the King of the Deccan , that he kept a large army and was surrounded by small kings always ready to go to war " . 4) Historians has described that Pratiharas as being of an uncertain social origin and associated with Hunas , or else descended from the Gurjara pastoralists of Rajasthan . Their Enemies the Rashtrakutas claimed that they were literally pratiharas , door keepers , in order to mark them with an insultingly low origin . 5) In one one of inscription of Govinda III it is mentioned that the Rashtrakuta kings like to hunt the “ Varahas “ . As these were strong rivals of the Pratihaaras , this might be the effort to abuse them 6) It is assumed that the Kailash temple was built by Rashtrakuta Rulers. There is Sculpture showing one event from Bharavi’s “ Kiratarjuna” . In this Sculpture one archer (Kirata) is shown aiming at “Varaha “ or Wild boar . 7) During the reign of Mihirabhoja , Amoghvarsha and Krishna-II were the Rashtrakuta kings who were ruling over Kannauj . These were weak rulers and hence Mihirabhoja captured Kannauj and extended his empire upto river Narmada . 8) There is one gold coin with legends Vatsadamana . There is controversy among the scholars regarding the ruler who issued this coin . Some scholars attribute this to Bhoja-I or Vatsaraja of Pratihara Dynasty. This coin depicts Adivaraha with four hands and there are two human figures with head of Naga below the feet of Adivaraha ( In general the Nagas are shown below the feet of Adivaraha in most of the depictions beginning from Gupta period and onward ) . Here there is iconographic difference in the portrait of Adivaraha & indicating that the depiction was a variation introduced only at a certain chronological juncture may be to serve as a transient political statement. So there is possibility that the Varaha trampling a lion below his feet is an obvious reference to the Pratiharas claiming superiority over the Rashtrakutas or his annexure of south . Like Varaha saved the Earth from the Ocean by slaying Hiranyaksha just as our king Bhoja slew his enemy, and raised / regained his kingdom . Most of the coins are struck off the flan and complete scene ( illustrated above ) is not available may be due to die shifting . Degraded coins with legends Adivaraha : Crude Coins of Adivaraha type ( Ruler : Bhoja-I , Adivaraha , Place : Unknown , Material : Billon , Size : 20 mm, Period : CIRCA 9Th Century A.D. ) There are some Adivaraha Billon tending to copper drammas ( see photo given above ) with crude figures of Adivaraha may be issued by Bhoja or later rulers . Coins with with crude figures of Adivaraha were also issued by Vinayakapala , later ruler of Pratihara Dynasty . The degradation in alloyed silver indicates the economic condition of the state ( May be due to continuous wars or Socioeconomic instability ?) . Bibliography : (1) Deities on Indian coins – Biswajeet rath , IIRNS ,1999, Pp -22 (2) Coins of Mediaeval India - Sir Alexander Cunningham , Orient publication , 1957 , Pp – 54 , (3) Op.Cit – Haripriya Rangarajan , p-13 , for” Adivaraha Coin of Bhoja” (4) “ Social and Economic Conditions under the Imperial Rashtrakutas “ by Jayshri mishra , common welth Publishers , New delhi , 1992 , Pp -86 (5) discussions on SACG group . HOME
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on May 9, 2006 6:29:55 GMT -5
See Another record that it was not the arab invaders who used to break the temples but the bitter enemy of Gujjar pratihars, the Rashtrakutas also did the same. www.bharatvani.org/indology/Eaton.htmlIn the early tenth century, the Rashtrakut monarch Indra III not only destroyed the temple of Kalapriya (at Kalpa near the Jamuna river) patronized by the Rashtrakutas’ deadly enemies the Pratiharas, but took away special delight in recording the fact.”[12]
|
|
|
Post by Guest on May 9, 2006 18:51:00 GMT -5
hey, muneeb rao,
You say that you are a ziddi and proud rajput. U want to prove that you are relative of gujjars who were insulted as ---------door keeper---------- , now they are insulted as -------------kanjjars and beggers. What kind of rajput you are. If you were a true rajput you would have made relative of royal jats.
I am disappointed, muneeb rao
|
|